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Basic definition and characteristics of error compensation
1. The basic definition of basic definition error compensation is to artificially create a new error to cancel or greatly reduce the original error that is currently a problem. Through the analysis, statistics, induction and mastery of the characteristics and rules of the original error, the error mathematical model is established. As far as possible, artificially created errors and original errors are equal in magnitude and in opposite directions, thereby reducing machining errors and improving part dimensional accuracy.
The earliest error compensation was achieved by hardware. Hardware compensation is a mechanical fixed compensation. To change the compensation amount when the machine tool error changes, you must re-create parts, calibration rules, or readjust the compensation mechanism. Hardware compensation also has the disadvantage of not being able to resolve random errors and lack of flexibility. The recent development of software compensation is characterized by the comprehensive use of advanced technologies and computer control techniques from various disciplines to improve the accuracy of machine tools without any changes to the machine itself. Software compensation overcomes many of the difficulties and disadvantages of hardware compensation and puts compensation technology to a new stage.
2. Characteristic error compensation (technology) has two main characteristics: scientific and engineering.
The rapid development of scientific error compensation technology has greatly enriched the theory of precision mechanical design, precision measurement and the entire precision engineering, and has become an important branch of this discipline. Techniques related to error compensation include detection technology, sensing technology, signal processing technology, photoelectric technology, material technology, computer technology, and control technology. As a new technology branch, error compensation technology has its own independent content and characteristics. Further research on error compensation techniques to make them theoretical and systematic will have very important scientific significance.
The engineering significance of engineering error compensation technology is very significant. It contains three layers of meanings: First, error compensation technology can be used to easily achieve the level of accuracy that “hard technology†can cost to achieve; second, error compensation is used. Technology can solve the level of accuracy that “hard technology†cannot usually achieve. Third, if error compensation technology is adopted under certain accuracy requirements, the cost of instrument and equipment manufacturing can be greatly reduced, which has very significant economic benefits.
Turning process thermal error generation and classification With the further improvement of the accuracy requirements of the machine tool, the proportion of thermal errors in the total error will continue to increase. Machine tool thermal deformation has become the main obstacle to improve the machining accuracy. The thermal error of the machine tool is mainly caused by the thermal deformation of the machine tool components caused by heat sources inside and outside the machine such as motors, bearings, transmission parts, hydraulic systems, ambient temperature, and coolant. The machine tool geometry error comes from the manufacturing defects of the machine tool, the matching error between the machine tool components, the dynamic and static displacement of the machine tool components, and so on.
Basic method of error compensation In summary and related references, it can be seen that the turning error is generally caused by the following factors:
1. Machine tool thermal deformation error;
2. Geometrical errors of machine tool parts and structures;
3. The error caused by cutting force;
4. Tool wear error
5. Other error sources, such as servo error of the machine tool axis, CNC interpolation algorithm error and so on.
There are two basic methods for improving machine tool accuracy: error prevention method and error compensation method. The error prevention method attempts to eliminate or reduce possible sources of error through design and manufacturing approaches. The error prevention method is effective to reduce the temperature rise of the heat source, equalize the temperature field, and reduce the thermal deformation of the machine tool to some extent. However, it is impossible to completely eliminate thermal deformation, and the cost is very expensive; applying thermal error compensation law opens up an effective and economical way to improve the accuracy of machine tools.
Conclusions and discussion The study of turning machining error is the most important component and direction of development in modern machinery manufacturing, and it has become a key technology to improve international competitiveness. Errors are multifaceted, and the analysis and research of thermal errors is beneficial to the improvement. Turning accuracy and technical requirements.
The error compensation technology can meet the high-precision and low-cost requirements of actual factory production. The thermal error compensation technology can correct the thermal drift error between the spindle (or workpiece) and the cutting tool, improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool, reduce waste products, increase production efficiency and economy. benefit.
Turning machining thermal error generation and compensation method
Modern machinery manufacturing technology is moving toward high efficiency, high quality, high precision, high integration, and high intelligence. Precision and ultra-precision machining technology has become the most important component and direction of development in modern machinery manufacturing, and has become a key technology for improving international competitiveness. The turning machining error has become a hot subject of research with the extensive application of precision machining. Since thermal errors and geometric errors account for most of the various errors in the machine tool, the reduction of these two errors, in particular the thermal errors, has become the main goal. Error Compensation Technology (ECT) emerged with the continuous development of science and technology. The losses caused by machine tool thermal deformation are considerable. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to develop a high-precision, low-cost thermal error compensation system that can meet the actual production requirements of the factory to correct the thermal error between the spindle (or workpiece) and the cutting tool to improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool, reduce waste products, increase production efficiency and Economic benefits.