Toyota Researches New Nano-Sulfur Cathode Materials to Improve Li-ion Battery Charge and Discharge Efficiency

Recently, the research team of the Toyota North America Research Institute (TRINA) has developed a new type of lithium battery nanosulfide cathode material. This material uses a truffle-like structure that includes sulfur particles embedded in hollow carbon nanospheres and seal flexibility. Laminated (LBL) nanofilm carbon conductors.

TRINA has published papers in the Journal of Energy and Environmental Sciences of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). In the paper, the researchers pointed out that the new type of nano-sulfur cathode material (65% of the final sulfur load) can work under 2C high-speed conditions (1C corresponds to 1 hour full charge or discharge), and can complete more than 500 charge and discharge cycles, Coulomb efficiency (ie, charge and discharge efficiency) is almost 100%.

During the entire chemical reaction process, since the laminated nanomembrane carbon conductors can be self-assembled, the formation of an ordered supermolecular structure on the surface characteristics of the nanosulfur cathode material is greatly affected. Any material (ion or hydrogen bond) that has adhesive ability and can react with a solvent can be converted into a multi-layer structure by means of lamination. The above results show that for other low-conductivity cathodes, this new type of nano-sulfur cathode material will become an ideal solution in the future.

Nanosulfur cathode materials can bring theoretical capacities up to 1672 mA/g, which is very attractive for next-generation batteries. However, in practical applications, the problems of high resistance, low load active material, and decomposition of polysulfide in the electrolyte during charge and discharge still pose many challenges. These problems will result in decreased Coulomb efficiency and accelerated battery capacity loss. Self-discharge occurs.

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Previously, many research groups have been exploring the use of polymer electrolytes, nano-coatings and nano-films to prevent the decomposition of polysulfides, thereby improving the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. TRINA researchers found after several experiments that although polymer-based electrolytes can be used to prevent the decomposition of polysulfides, their conductivity is significantly lower than that of common liquid-based electrolytes, which also makes it difficult to achieve efficient discharge rates. It's harder.

When the polymer is used in a composite or nanocoating, the sulfur cathode has improved cycling characteristics. In addition, the polymer can provide a sulfur cathode with an elastic framework that can freely adjust its capacity between charging and discharging. At the same time, the new structure adopted by the TRINA research group in lithium-battery nanosulfide cathode materials can also suppress the decomposition of intermediate polysulfides and reduce the generation of carbon conductors.


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