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Pretreatment of waste non-ferrous metals - drying of waste and scrap
Non-ferrous metal scrap pretreatment refers to non-ferrous scrap and scrap state becomes possible to effectively process subsequent metallurgical processes. This process includes: achieving various physical dimensions and weight standards for various waste materials and waste materials; separating non-ferrous metals from ferrous metals; removing non-metallic inclusions, moisture, oil, and the like. Fine and high-quality preparation of waste non-ferrous metals, suitable for metallurgical processes, can reduce the loss of non-ferrous metals to a minimum, reduce the unit consumption of fuel, electricity and flux, and make efficient use of metallurgical equipment and transportation tools. And improve labor productivity and the quality of non-ferrous metals and alloy products.
Pretreatment of non-ferrous metal scraps and scraps includes the following main processes: sorting, cutting, packing, briquetting, crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, drying, degreasing, etc. Special recycled raw material (waste battery, motor waste, scrap wire, scrap iron horse) pretreatment, using a special production line.
The All-Russian Recycling Non-Ferrous Metals Scientific Research Institute has studied the general process flow of waste non-ferrous metal pretreatment (Fig. 1), starting from non-ferrous scrap and scrap into the workshop, and until the finished product is sent to the customer's plant.
Drying of waste and scrap
Recycled non-ferrous metal raw materials - the temperature of various waste parts and scraps can reach 20%, but as the reclaimed non-ferrous metal raw materials of the furnace charge, the moisture content must not exceed 1-2%. If it needs to be dried, there are waste, scrap and block waste, flux, slag, etc. The most widely used drying equipment in recycled non-ferrous metallurgy is the rotary kiln.
Dry waste is suitable for rotary kiln with direct heating and indirect heating. The convection principle - the relative movement of the feedstock and hot gases - is applied in a directly heated rotary kiln. The drum made of steel plate with a thickness of 16 to 20 mm is 27 meters long and 3.5 meters in diameter. The most commonly used waste drying is a rotary kiln with a length of 16 and a diameter of 2.2 meters. The tilt angle of the drum is 3° to 6°, and the rotation speed is 2 to 6 rpm. In order to speed up the drying process and remove oil, bricks are installed in the drum. The combustion chamber is covered with refractory bricks in the kiln. The combustion chamber uses heavy oil or natural gas as fuel. The excess air ratio α=1.75～2.2, so that the combustion gas can reach a temperature of about 700 °C when entering the kiln. The above is the technical parameters of the copper alloy crumb dry rotary kiln:
Drum length (mm)
9500
Drum diameter (mm)
1020
Rotating speed (rev / min)
6.3
humidity(%)
Original material
15 or less
Dry material
0.5 to 1.5
Hot gas temperature (°C)
Entrance
700
Export
250~300
Waste kiln temperature (°C)
About 200
Drying capacity (tons / hour)
2.5 to 3.0
Standard fuel consumption (kg/ton)
25~30
Various waste drying and thermal degreasing units contain the following process components:
(1) A receiving system for debris and debris, including a receiving bin with a feeder;
(2) A waste pre-screening system for sorting inclusions and foreign objects exceeding a specified size;
(3) Drying and degreasing system consisting of rotary kiln, burnout chamber and dust trapping device;
(4) Inspection and screening and screening of oxide scale, bauxite and metal dust systems;
(5) Electromagnetic selection system. [next]
The drying and degreasing device of waste brass crumb or waste bronze scrap is shown in Fig. 1. The feeder feeds the waste material from the receiving bin having a volume of 4 to 6 m3 into the vibrating screen. The conveyor feeds the 50 mm-size sieved product into the feed tube of the rotary kiln, removes moisture at 350-450 ° C, and burns off grease and other organic impurities. The waste chips after drying and degreasing in the kiln are sent to an electromagnetic iron remover to obtain brass or bronze chip products and iron concentrates, respectively.
The flue gas of water, oil vapor and dust discharged from the rotary kiln is burned out and discharged into the atmosphere after being cleaned by the vacuum system. The burnout chamber is a layer of blazing bricks with refractory bricks. The sublimate of oil and other organic impurities is ignited and burned off the partition wall. The flue gas burnout temperature is 750 °C.
Figure 1 Cyan-brass flake degreasing and drying device
1-grab; 2-bin; 3-feeder; 4, 13-transfer device;
5-car loading bin; 6-electromagnetic wheel; 7-receiving chamber; 8-drying drum;
9-burning room; 10-smoke; 11-combustion chamber; 12 unloading chamber
The use of Intal (UK) indirect heating device to degrease and dry the waste can minimize oxidation and make the oil content less than 0.05%. Such indirect heating means (FIG. 2) has a drum made of three sections: the first section is lined with indirect heating chamber by combustion of fuel in the liner is heated from the outside, the second section has a clay brick insulation, The third paragraph is unlined. The disposal of waste is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the waste is heated to 400-450 ° C, at which time the water evaporates and part of the oil is burned off. In the second stage, the drying process is completed at a temperature of 250 °C. In the third stage, the air is used to cool the waste, and the air enters from the discharge end of the drum. In cooling the waste, the air enters from the discharge end of the drum. The air is heated during the cooling of the waste and then enters the second stage, bringing the oil vapor and water vapor from the second stage to the first stage. In the first stage, the oil vapor is partially burned off and the remaining mixture remains burned out. In order to avoid oxidation of waste, the reducing environment should be maintained in the first stage.
Figure 2 Waste non-oxidation roasting device
1-drying and cooling; 2-ring ring; 3-discharge chamber; 4-slip ring;
5-discharge nozzle; 6, 9-support roller; 10-indirect heating chamber;
11-Indirect heating burner; 12, 18-primary air fan;
13-vibration feeder; 14-rotary feeder; 15-- silo;
16-level indicator; 17-combustion fan; 19-nozzle;
20-primary air blower; 21-burnout room; 22-smoke;
23-flue; 24-hot steam; 25-first drying section; 26-heating chamber
A tangential inlet is left at the top of the indirect heating chamber, and hot gases are distributed along the length of the first length of the casing through the tangential inlet. The temperature of the drum casing can be automatically maintained within the specified range by adjusting the fuel burning device.
The burnout chamber is cylindrical, lined with clay bricks and joined to the first section of the drum. A nozzle is installed in the burnout chamber, and the indoor temperature is maintained at 730 to 780 ° C to burn the oil vapor. [next]
Whether the proportion of oil and water in the waste is appropriate is of great significance to the normal hot work of the above devices. If the waste in the first stage contains a small amount of oil, the amount of oil vapor generated is small, so that it cannot be fully burned. In order to maintain the operating temperature, it is necessary to burn the fuel in the indirect heating chamber. If the oil in the first section is excessive, the temperature must exceed the operating temperature. In order to obtain optimum temperature dynamics, oil or water can be sprayed into the chips before the oil is supplied to the drum, thereby keeping the proportion of oil to water in the chips constant.
The size of the drum of the Intal unit is as follows
Length (mm) 5182 7315 9144 10668
Diameter (mm) 1067 1371 1702 1981
The processing capacity of the device varies from 320 to 16800 kg/h depending on the size of the drum.
Various waste drying devices have a waste gas treatment and dust removal system. The exhaust gas discharged from the drum is 1 to 2 kg/ m3 . After the exhaust gas exits the burnout chamber, it enters the heat exchanger, causing about 50% of the solid particles to precipitate therein. Then use a combined cyclone (such as ЦH-15 cyclone) to dedust and purify the exhaust gas, the dust removal efficiency is 75%. The total purification rate of such a system is 85 to 90%.
The waste drying device (Figures 3 and 4) developed by the All-Su Renewable Non-Ferrous Metals Scientific Research and Design Institute reflects the current development direction of fuel and power conservation and waste heat utilization in the process. These drying units have been used in many (former) Soviet companies. The waste heat recovery system of the exhaust chamber in Figure 29 is relatively complete, and its functions include: preheating the air in the heat exchanger and using hot air (100-200 ° C) for the burner; 1/3) Flue gas (350 ° C) is not followed, then supplied to the mixer and drying oven; preheated with flue gas.
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the metal chip drying line
1-bin; 2-feeder; 3-vibrating conveyor; 4-loading chamber;
5-drying drum; 6-discharge chamber; 7-screening machine; 8-plate conveyor;
9-magnetic separator; 10-nonmagnetic material funnel; 11--3 mm class component transfer device;
12-feed bin; 13-magnetic material funnel; 14-combustion chamber; 15-burner;
16-mixer; 17-dust precipitation chamber; 18-burnout chamber; 19-heat exchanger; 20-water preheater;
21-smoking machine; 22-gas purifier; 23-smoke; 24-fan; 25-throttle; 26-hot air duct
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection of various equipments in the drying equipment of Sukholoog Recycling Non-Ferrous Metals Plant
1- crusher ; 2-grab; 3-groove trestle; 4-plate conveyor;
5-bin; 6-disc feeder; 7-vibration conveyor; 8-loading chamber;
9-indirect heating chamber; 10-drying drum; 11-unloading chamber; 12-drum screen; 13-lifting machine;
14-magnetic separator; 15-lift; 16-rotary; 17-bin; 18-burner;
19-burning room; 20-mixer; 21-vacuum cleaner; 22-smoking machine; 23-smoke; 24-recycle flue
The drying drum (3,500 mm in diameter and 18,000 mm in length) of this type of equipment uses the principle of convection. The waste passes through three zones in the drum (fan blade shape inside) - the ignition zone, the drying zone and the cooling zone. The ignition zone is located in the charging section of the drum, and the temperature of the drum in the ignition zone is 230 to 250 °C. A burner is mounted on the front wall of the charging chamber to maintain the combustion of the oil vapor and the added sun oil vapor. Drying of the waste and evaporation of the oil takes place in the ignition zone and its adjacent areas.
The burnout of the oil vapor and the innocuous treatment of the exhaust gas are carried out in a horizontal chamber equipped with two burners. The burnout chamber has a volume of 48 m 3 , and the gas temperature is 600 to 800 ° C. The natural gas consumption of the two burners at the same time is 300 to 600 m 3 /hr.
The air preheating takes place in a heat exchanger consisting of 5 sections. The heat exchange area per section is 7.8 m 2 . The temperature at which the flue gas enters the heat exchanger is about 800 ° C, and the preheating temperature of the air is 100 to 200 ° C.
Such treatment of the aluminum alloy means the ability scrap was 6 tons / hour, the treated scrap humidity not higher than 0.5%.
With the reheating of the preheated air and part of the flue gas, the fuel consumption for drying the waste can be from 110 to 120 kg/ton.
The above device can also be used for drying copper alloy scraps.